Counterplay is when the defending side does not merely respond to moves, but develops active threats in the opposite direction of the opponent's plan.

When Is It Necessary?

• When the opponent has a space or initiative advantage.
• When passive defense would lose in the long run.
• When pawn advances on the other wing or pressure along open files is possible.

Successful counterplay can force the opponent to shift all their energy from attack to defense and restore the balance.