Pawn, although the least valuable piece on the chessboard, forms the strategic foundation of the game. Each player starts with 8 pawns.

Movement Rules

• A pawn moves one square forward.
• From its starting position, it may move two squares forward on its first move.
• It captures by moving one square diagonally forward.
• On reaching the last rank (8th or 1st rank), it is promoted and turns into another piece.

Special Moves

En Passant: When an opposing pawn advances two squares from its starting position, a pawn next to it may capture it as it passes.

Promotion: A pawn that reaches the last rank is promoted to a queen, rook, bishop, or knight.